Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria. They are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics that contain a fluorine atom.
Common Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)and Levofloxacin (Levaquin), although these antibiotics can be effective against certain bacteria, they also pose the risk for severe side effects that can impact the nervous system and mental health.

Side Effects of Taking Fluroquinolones
Fluroquinolones can have major side effects for the whole body, including the nervous system and mental health. This then poses the question that whether the benefits out-weigh the risks of taking this medication.
Common side effects include:
- Tendonitis, tendon rupture, muscle pain, muscle weakness and joint pain and swelling
- Peripheral neuropathy, paresthesia, psychosis, anxiety, insomnia, depression, hallucinations and suicidal thoughts.
- impaired hearing. Vision, taste and smell impairments. Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis.

How do these drugs impact mental health?
Fluroquinolones can impact mental health in several ways. Psychiatric side effects include:
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Delirium
- Hallucinations
- Paranoia
- Psychosis
- suicidal thoughts and behaviors
Fluroquinolones and anxiety?
It has been documented that Fluroquinolone antibiotics cause and exacerbate anxiety. What makes this drug so detrimental to mental health?
GABA receptor interaction: Cipro is believed to interfere with the binding of GABA at its receptors in the brain, reducing its calming effect.Â
Glutamate upregulation: When GABA activity is decreased, the activity of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate can become elevated, further contributing to anxiety symptoms.Â
Gut-brain axis impact: Antibiotics can disrupt the gut microbiome, which is linked to neurotransmitter production, potentially influencing brain function and mental health

Fluroquinolones and Benzodiazepines
Fluroquinolones can block Gaba receptors, so this can exacerbate anxiety, but this is truly detrimental to individuals who take the class of medications called Benzodiazepines.
Benzodiazepines are prescription drugs that relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures. Common examples include Valium®, Xanax®, Halcion®, Ativan®, and Klonopin®.
- Displacing benzodiazepines Fluoroquinolones can compete with benzodiazepines for binding sites on the benzodiazepine receptor, which can cause an acute withdrawal effect.
When these antibiotics block Gaba receptors it deactivates the mechanism behind benzo drugs. This can cause what is known as acute withdrawal syndrome. Acute withdrawal from benzo drugs can cause, psychosis, seizures and even death.
- Rebound neuro-excitation Rebound neuro-excitation can occur after fluoroquinolone exposure in patients who are tapering or have stopped taking benzodiazepines.

Acute withdrawal symptoms can be fatal. Drugs like Benzodiazepines should never be stopped abruptly. This drug must be tapered slowly to decrease side effects like seizures, psychosis and even death.
Key Takeaway
Fluroquinolone antibiotic use as described above just doesn’t seem to have benefits that out-weigh the risks, especially if you suffer from preexisting mental health disorders and or concerns. It’s even more crucial to stay away from this drug if you are currently taking a benzo like Klonopin (Clonazepam).
I encourage you to be diligent and do your own research. When taking your health back into your own hands it’s vital to ensure that you are making the best possible informed decision for you.
Disclaimer: The information contained in this post is not meant to diagnose or treat any medical condition. If you have any medical or psychiatric concerns, please seek the advice of a licensed healthcare provider.
References:
Acute Psychosis After Treatment of Epididymitis with Ciprofloxacin – PMC
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: suicidal thoughts and behaviour – GOV.UK